11/7/2023 0 Comments Metamorphosis franzEach compartment has a task, such as guiding a fly toward or away from something. These networks are arranged in distinct computational compartments, like the spaces between the frets on the guitar. These neurons communicate with the rest of the brain through input and output neurons that weave in and out of the strings, creating a network of connections that allow the insect to associate odors with good or bad experiences. The region consists of a bunch of neurons with long axonal tails that lie in parallel lines like the strings of a guitar. The researchers zoned in on the mushroom body, a region of the brain critical for learning and memory in fruit fly larvae and adults. It allows you to look at not just one, two, or three neurons but an entire network of cells. It’s a “pretty cool method,” said Andreas Thum, a neuroscientist at Leipzig University and coauthor of the commentary with Gerber. So even as nearly all the other cells in the fruit fly’s larval body are eliminated, most of the original neurons are recycled to function anew in the adult. That process is older than metamorphosis itself and not easily modified after a certain stage of development. That’s partly because the nervous system in all insects arises from an array of stem cells called neuroblasts that mature into neurons. “The nervous system has never been able to change the way it makes neurons,” Truman said. The nervous system of a fruit fly offered a practical opportunity to do that: Although most of the fruit fly larva’s body cells die as it transforms into an adult, many of the neurons in its brain don’t. Truman knew that to really understand what’s happening to the brain, he had to be able to trace individual cells and circuits through the process. “We didn’t have much of a big picture,” Truman said. Since then, numerous studies have detailed different neurons and parts of the brains of larvae and adults, but they are either anecdotal or focused on very small aspects of the process. In 1974, he published the first paper on what happens to the brain during metamorphosis, for which he tracked the number of motor neurons in hornworm larvae and adults. After reading the book’s first paragraph in its original German, she shared her own translation into English.While Riddiford focused her work on the effect of hormones on metamorphosis, Truman was most interested in the brain. Franziska Kohlt, who is a Research Associate at the University of York, gave the readings at the start of this episode. She shows how popular ideas of the “kafkaesque”, as dark and claustrophobic writing, certainly have something to them, but have also obscured certain aspects of his works, such as its comedy.ĭr. Carolin Duttlinger, who is an Associate Professor of German at Oxford University and co-director of the Oxford Kafka Research Centre. Mark Harman, who is an acclaimed translator of Kafka and Professor Emeritus at Elizabethtown College, talks about the challenges and pleasures of rendering Kafka’s German into English prose. There’s a lot going on in this small story, as our experts explain. They may be the characters with human bodies, throughout the story, but they act in shockingly inhumane ways! As a result, Gregor’s becoming a bug may offer a counterintuitive form of freedom from a terribly dreary life. We also discuss Gregor’s wretched family, and their response to his metamorphosis. An insect, or a “vermin”, some kind of bug! As it turns out, the question of what he has become is even trickier to narrow down in the original German than it seems in English, so we compare several translations. It’s a famous story about one character, Gregor Samsa, transforming from a human into something decidedly not-human. This week we’re putting Franz Kafka’s slim novella, The Metamorphosis, under the microscope.
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